What the Fallopian tubes do

1. To "grab" the oocyte as soon as it is released from the ovary at the time of ovulation. To perform this function the Fallopian tubes must be freely movable and must not be stuck to the pelvic wall, uterus or ovaries by adhesions.

2. To function as an incubator where the oocyte and sperm meet and the initial stages of embryo development takes place. For this function the tubes must be patent (open).

3. The inside lining of the Fallopian tubes act as a conveyor system moving the developing embryo to the uterus where it implants 3 - 5 days after ovulation.

Causes of Fallopian Tube damage

1. The use of the intra-uterine contraceptive device (contraceptive "loop") especially when there are more than one sexual partners.

2. Sexually transmittable disease such as gonorrhoea resulting in infection of the Fallopian tubes.

3. Previous pelvic surgery especially when the Fallopian tubes or ovaries were involved. The competence of the surgeon is crucial in limiting post-operative damage.

4. Endometriosis.

Treatment

1. Tubal surgery:
   When tubal surgery is indicated the laparoscopic route is also usually more preferable to "open surgery". The feasibility for the surgery depends on the severity of tubal damage and the position where the Fallopian tube is damaged. A competent infertility specialist is absolutely essential to perform tubal surgery effectively.

2. In Vitro-Fertilisation:
   If tubal surgery is not feasible due to extensive tubal damage, In Vitro-Fertilisation is the only option. Please read about IVF under infertility treatments.

Damage to the Fallopian Tubes includes

1. Total blockage preventing sperm and oocytes to meet and to produce an embryo.

2. Reduced mobility which results in the inability of the Fallopian tube to pick up the egg when it is released from the ovary.

3. Damage to the inside wall of the Fallopian tube which results in the inability of the embryo to move down to the uterus. This may result in an ectopic pregnancy if the embryo attaches to the side wall of the Fallopian tube resulting in rupturing of the tube at about 7 weeks pregnancy duration.